ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF MANGOBAI FISH MUCUSN (Stiphodon sp.) EXTRACTED WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF ACETIC ACID SOLVENT

Abstract

Fish skin mucus contains various bioactive compounds, including antimicrobial peptides, which have potential as natural antibacterial agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Mangobai fish (Stiphodon sp.) mucus extracted using different concentrations of acetic acid (3%, 5%, and 7%) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A laboratory experimental design was employed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Chloramphenicol and sterile distilled water served as positive and negative controls, respectively. Inhibition zone diameters were measured after 24 h of incubation. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk normality tests, followed by the Kruskal–Wallis test and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. All mucus extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against both bacterial species. The 7% acetic acid extract produced the largest inhibition zones among the extract treatments, measuring 11.976 mm against S. aureus and 10.700 mm against E. coli. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences among treatments for both E. coli (p = 0.001) and S. aureus (p < 0.001). Duncan's test indicated that the 3% extract provided antibacterial activity statistically comparable to higher concentrations against E. coli, whereas the 5% extract showed activity comparable to the 7% extract against S. aureus. Stiphodon sp. mucus possesses promising antibacterial activity, and acetic acid concentration significantly influences extraction efficiency. The 3% acetic acid extract was the most efficient concentration for E. coli, whereas the 5% extract was optimal for S. aureus.